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عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «إِنَّ اللهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ مُؤْمِنًا حَسَنَةً، يُعْطَى بِهَا فِي الدُّنْيَا وَيُجْزَى بِهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ، وَأَمَّا الْكَافِرُ فَيُطْعَمُ بِحَسَنَاتِ مَا عَمِلَ بِهَا لِلَّهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا، حَتَّى إِذَا أَفْضَى إِلَى الْآخِرَةِ، لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ حَسَنَةٌ يُجْزَى بِهَا».

صحيح مسلم (4/ 2162) (2808)، المفهم لما أشكل من تلخيص كتاب مسلم (1/ 460)، البحر المحيط الثجاج في شرح صحيح الإمام مسلم بن الحجاج (43/ 460)، شرح النووي على مسلم (17/150).

عَنْ سُفْيان بنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الثَّقَفِيّ رضي الله عنه قال: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قُلْ لِي فِي الْإِسْلَامِ قَوْلًا لَا أَسْأَلُ عَنْهُ أَحَدًا غَيْرَكَ، قَالَ: «قُلْ: آمَنْتُ بِاللهِ، ثُمَّ اسْتَقِمْ».

Sufyān ibn ‘Abdullah, the Prophet's Companion, (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to teach him a comprehensive statement that comprises all the meanings of Islam so as to adhere to it and ask no one else about it. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: Say: I believe in Allah as the only deity, and I believe that He is my Lord, my God, my Creator, and the only God Who is truly worthy of my worship, with no partner. Then, submit to Allah and obey Him by performing what He has enjoined, avoiding what He has forbidden, and remaining steadfast on that.

• The essence of the religion is to believe in Allah, His Lordship, His Worship, and His Names and Attributes.
• The importance of being upright after Imān (faith), persistence in worship, and steadfastness.
• Imān is a condition for the acceptance of deeds.
• Belief in Allah includes the beliefs and basic principles of Imān that must be adopted and the subsequent acts of the heart along with compliance and submission to Allah inwardly and outwardly.
• Uprightness is adherence to the straight path by carrying out the duties and avoiding the prohibitions.

صحيح مسلم (1/ 65) (38)، مسند أحمد (24/ 141) (15416)، المفهم (1/137)، جامع العلوم والحكم (1/507)، فتح القوي المتين للعباد (ص 76)، شرح الأربعين النووية لعبد الكريم الخضير (ص 285)، شرح الأربعين لصالح آل الشيخ (ص 305).

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «يَقْبِضُ اللَّهُ الأَرْضَ، وَيَطْوِي السَّمَوَاتِ بِيَمِينِهِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: أَنَا المَلِكُ، أَيْنَ مُلُوكُ الأَرْضِ».

صحيح البخاري (6/ 126) (4812)، صحيح مسلم (4/ 2148) (2787)، فتح الباري (13/367)، عمدة القاري شرح صحيح البخاري (23/ 101)، البحر المحيط الثجاج (43/324).

عن أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ رضي الله عنه قال: بينما نحن جلوس مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في المسجد دخل رجل على جمل، فأناخه في المسجد ثم عقله، ثم قال لهم: أيكم محمد؟ والنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم متكئ بين ظهرانيهم، فقلنا: هذا الرجل الأبيض المتكئ. فقال له الرجل: يا ابن عبد المطلب فقال له النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «قد أجبتك». فقال الرجل للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: إني سائلك فمشدد عليك في المسألة، فلا تجد علي في نفسك؟ فقال: «سل عما بدا لك» فقال: أسألك بربك ورب من قبلك، آلله أرسلك إلى الناس كلهم؟ فقال: «اللهم نعم». قال: أنشدك بالله، آلله أمرك أن نصلي الصلوات الخمس في اليوم والليلة؟ قال: «اللهم نعم». قال: أنشدك بالله، آلله أمرك أن نصوم هذا الشهر من السنة؟ قال: «اللهم نعم». قال: أنشدك بالله، آلله أمرك أن تأخذ هذه الصدقة من أغنيائنا فتقسمها على فقرائنا؟ فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: «اللهم نعم». فقال الرجل: آمنت بما جئت به، وأنا رسول من ورائي من قومي، وأنا ضمام بن ثعلبة أخو بني سعد بن بكر.

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) relates: As the Companions were sitting with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in the mosque, a man riding a camel entered, and he made the camel kneel and tied it. Then, he asked them: Who amongst you is Muhammad? Meanwhile, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was reclining among the people. So, we replied: This white man who is reclining. The man said to him: O son of ‘Abdul-Muttalib! The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: I have heard you; ask, and I will answer you. The man said to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): I will ask you about something and will be hard in questioning. So do not get upset with me. In other words, do not get angry at me or feel annoyed. He replied: Ask whatever you want. He said: I ask you by your Lord and the Lord of those who came before you. Has Allah sent you as a messenger to mankind? He replied: "By Allah, yes," affirming his truthfulness. The man further said: I ask you by Allah. Has Allah ordered you that we must offer the five prayers in a day and night? They are the obligatory prayers. He replied: By Allah, yes. The man further said: I ask you by Allah. Has Allah ordered you to observe fasts during this month of the year? That's the month of Ramadan. He replied: By Allah, yes. The man said: I ask you by Allah. Has Allah ordered you to take this charity from our rich people and distribute it amongst our poor people?" This is Zakah. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) replied: By Allah, yes. Thereupon, Dimām embraced Islam and informed the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) that he would call his people to Islam, and he introduced himself as Dimām ibn Tha‘labah, from Banu Sa‘d ibn Bakr.

• The Hadīth shows the Prophet's modesty, as the man could not distinguish between him and his Companions.
• It highlights the Prophet's good character and gentleness in replying to the questioner. It also indicates that providing good responses is one of the reasons behind accepting the call to Islam.
• It is permissible to identify a person by a certain trait, like being white, reddish, tall, short, and any other trait that is not intended as a defect, unless the person dislikes it.
• It is permissible for a disbeliever to enter the mosque for some need.
• He did not mention Hajj in the Hadīth because it had probably not been prescribed yet when this man came.
• The Companions were keen on inviting people to Islam. Once this man embraced Islam, he was determined to call his people to it.

صحيح البخاري (1/ 23) (63)، صحيح مسلم (1/ 41) (12)، شرح ابن بطال (1/145)، عمدة القاري شرح صحيح البخاري (2/ 22).

عَنْ ‌قَتَادَةَ رحمه الله قال: حَدَّثَنَا ‌أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللهِ كَيْفَ يُحْشَرُ الْكَافِرُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ؟ قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ الَّذِي أَمْشَاهُ عَلَى الرِّجْلَيْنِ فِي الدُّنْيَا قَادِرًا عَلَى أَنْ يُمْشِيَهُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟» قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: بَلَى وَعِزَّةِ رَبِّنَا.

صحيح البخاري (8/ 109) (6523)، صحيح مسلم (4/ 2161) (2806)، الإفصاح عن معاني الصحاح (5/200)، فتح الباري (11/382)، عمدة القاري شرح صحيح البخاري (23/ 105)، البحر المحيط الثجاج في شرح صحيح الإمام مسلم بن الحجاج (43/ 454).

عَنْ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو رَضيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ لَقِيَ اللهَ لَا يُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا لَمْ تَضُرَّهُ مَعَهُ خَطِيئَةٌ، وَمَنْ مَاتَ وَهُوَ يُشْرِكُ بِهِ لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُ مَعَهُ حَسَنَةٌ».

The Prophet (ﷺ) informed that whoever dies and meets Allah as a monotheist—without associating anything with Him—will be among the people of Paradise, even if he is punished for his sins in Hellfire first. But whoever dies while associating partners with Allah, no good deed will benefit him, and Paradise is forbidden for him.

• A warning against Shirk (polytheism), for it is the gravest of all sins and misdeeds, and Allah does not forgive it.
• The virtue of Tawhīd (monotheism), and it is a cause for entering Paradise, even if the person is punished first.
• The importance of remaining steadfast upon Tawhīd until death, and avoiding what contradicts it, namely Shirk.

مسند أحمد (11/ 155- 156) (11/ 157) (6586). فيض القدير شرح الجامع الصغير (6/220).

عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَامَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَمْسِ كَلِمَاتٍ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَا يَنَامُ، وَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَنَامَ، يَخْفِضُ القِسْطَ وَيَرْفَعُهُ، يُرْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ عَمَلُ اللَّيْلِ قَبْلَ عَمَلِ النَّهَارِ، وَعَمَلُ النَّهَارِ قَبْلَ عَمَلِ اللَّيْلِ، حِجَابُهُ النُّورُ -وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: النَّارُ- لَوْ كَشَفَهُ لَأَحْرَقَتْ سُبُحَاتُ وَجْهِهِ مَا انْتَهَى إِلَيْهِ بَصَرُهُ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ».

صحيح مسلم (1/ 161) (179). شرح المرقاة (1/128). فتح المنعم (1/581). البحر المحيط الثجاج في شرح صحيح الإمام مسلم بن الحجاج (5/ 82).

عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُما أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَفَاتِحُ الغَيْبِ خَمْسٌ، {إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنْزِلُ الغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الأَرْحَامِ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ}».

The unseen belongs to Allah alone; none knows it except Him. The Prophet (ﷺ) informed us that the keys and treasures of the unseen are five: First: None knows when the Hour will occur except Allah—this refers to the knowledge of the Hereafter, for the Day of Judgment is its beginning. And if the knowledge of its beginning is unknown, then all that follows it is even more hidden. Second: None knows when rain will come except Allah—this refers to matters of the higher world. Rain is mentioned specifically, even though there are apparent causes that may indicate its coming by custom and observation, yet these causes do not provide certainty or exact knowledge. Third: What is in the wombs—whether male or female, black or white, complete or defective, wretched or blessed, and the like. The womb was mentioned specifically because people often make assumptions about it based on customary signs, yet Allah denied that anyone truly knows its reality; and if this is the case for what is most observable, then what is beyond it is even more hidden and unknowable. Fourth: No one knows what will happen tomorrow except Allah—this refers to the events that occur within time and its unfolding happenings. The word “tomorrow” is mentioned specifically because it is the nearest of future times; so if no one truly knows what will occur in such a near time—despite possible signs or indications—then knowledge of what lies further ahead is even more beyond reach. Fifth: No soul knows in what land it will die—this refers to matters of the lower world. Although people generally die in their homelands, this is not always the case. Even if one dies in their own land, they do not know the exact spot where they will be buried, even if there is a graveyard of their ancestors. {Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware}—He encompasses all things, outward and inward, the hidden and the unseen, the secrets and the mysteries. Thus, this verse includes all types of the unseen and refutes every false claim to the knowledge of it.

• A clarification of the five treasures of the unseen, which none knows except Allah.
• As-Sindi said: His statement (the keys of the unseen are five)— these five are called the keys of the unseen because whoever possesses knowledge of these five, possesses knowledge of all the unseen. Thus, they are like the means by which the treasures of the unseen are unlocked.
• Ibn Hajar said: Ibn Abi Jamrah said: The term "keys" was used to make the meaning easier for the listener to grasp. Everything that is veiled from you is considered unseen to you, and access to what is behind a veil or barrier is usually through a door. When the door is locked, one needs a key to open it. So, if a person cannot even know where the key to what is hidden is kept, then how could he possibly know the unseen itself?
• Ibn Abi Jamrah said: The wisdom behind making them five is to indicate that all realms of existence are encompassed within them.
• Allah Almighty may reveal some aspects of the unseen to His messengers, out of His divine wisdom.
• The false claims of astrologers and soothsayers regarding their knowledge of the unseen are invalidated, for whoever claims to know anything of the unseen that Allah Almighty alone possesses has indeed belied Allah Almighty, His Messenger (ﷺ), and the Noble Qur’an.

صحيح البخاري (6/ 56) (4627). إرشاد الساري لشرح صحيح البخاري (7/ 118).