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عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى رضي الله عنه قَالَ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُقَاتِلُ شَجَاعَةً، وَيُقَاتِلُ حَمِيَّةً، وَيُقَاتِلُ رِيَاءً، أَيُّ ذَلِكَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اللهِ هِيَ الْعُلْيَا، فَهُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ».

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the fighters' different motives, like the one who fights out of valor, chauvinism, or to impress people or for any other purpose. Which of these is in the cause of Allah? The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) stated that the fighter in the cause of Allah is the one who fights to make the word of Allah supreme.

• Intention and sincerity toward Allah are the criteria for the validity or invalidity of deeds.
• If the intention behind Jihad is to make the word of Allah supreme and it is coupled with another valid intention, like taking war spoils, this does not affect one's original intention.
• Repelling enemies from homelands and sanctities is a form of fighting for the cause of Allah.
• The merit reported regarding the Mujāhids (fighters in the cause of Allah) is peculiar to whoever fights to make the word of Allah supreme.

صحيح البخاري (9/ 136) (7458). صحيح مسلم (3/ 1513) (1904). تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، لعبد الله البسام (ص753). الإعلام بفوائد عمدة الأحكام، لابن الملقن (10/ 380).

عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى رضي الله عنه عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّمَا مَثَلُ الْجَلِيسِ الصَّالِحِ وَالْجَلِيسِ السَّوْءِ كَحَامِلِ الْمِسْكِ وَنَافِخِ الْكِيرِ، فَحَامِلُ الْمِسْكِ: إِمَّا أَنْ يُحْذِيَكَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَبْتَاعَ مِنْهُ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَجِدَ مِنْهُ رِيحًا طَيِّبَةً، وَنَافِخُ الْكِيرِ: إِمَّا أَنْ يُحْرِقَ ثِيَابَكَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَجِدَ رِيحًا خَبِيثَةً».

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) provided an example for two types of people: First type: The righteous companion and friend who guides others to Allah and to what pleases Him and helps others obey Him. His example is like that of the musk seller who will either give you some thereof, or you will buy from him, or you will smell and get from him a pleasant fragrance. Second type: The evil companion and friend who turns others away from the path of Allah and helps them commit sins, the one whom you see doing evil deeds and you receive criticism for being in his company. His example is like that of the blacksmith who blows his fire and either burns your clothes with the flying sparks of fire or you get a nasty smell from being close to him.

• Exemplification is permissible to make it easier for the listener to grasp the meaning.
• Encouraging and urging people to accompany the righteous and the doers of good and avoid the doers of evil and those with bad morals.

صحيح البخاري (7/ 96) (5534). صحيح مسلم (4/ 2026) (2628). بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، لسليم الهلالي (1/ 431). نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، مجموعة من الباحثين (1/ 339). شرح النووي على مسلم (16/ 178).

عن أبي موسى رضي الله عنه قال: خرجنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي غَزَاة ونحن سِتَّةُ نَفَرٍ بَيننا بعيرٌ نَعْتَقِبُهُ، فَنَقِبَتْ أقدامُنا وَنَقِبَت قَدَمِي، وسَقطت أَظْفَارِي، فكنَّا نَلُفُّ على أَرْجُلِنَا الْخِرَقَ ، فَسُمِّيَت غَزْوَة ذَاتُ الرِّقَاع لما كنَّا نَعْصِب على أرجُلنا من الخِرق، قال أبو بردة: فحدث أبو موسى بهذا الحديث، ثم كره ذلك، وقال: ما كنت أصنع بأن أَذْكُرَه! قال: كأنه كره أن يكون شيئا من عمله أفْشَاه.

Hadīth explanation: Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) and some of his companions went on a military expedition with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). They were six men and had only one camel that they would take turns riding it, until they reached their destination. Their feet got injured from walking for a long distance through the desert, to the extent that Abu Mūsa's toenails fell off. They did not have anything to cover their feet with because their sandals were torn on the way, so they were walking barefoot. Hence, their feet were terribly injured but they still kept walking to meet the enemy. They would wrap rags around their feet, which proves that their footwear was ruined from walking so far on a rugged terrain. This was one of the reasons for naming this expedition: the battle of Dhāt Ar-Riqā‘. Abu Mūsa reported this Hadīth but later regretted having mentioned it because he disliked to disclose any of his good deeds. This means that Abu Mūsa after mentioning this Hadīth wished that he had never mentioned it, because of what it implies of self praise, and because hiding good deeds from others is recommended, unless the benefit for revealing the deeds outweighs concealing it, such as if it is performed by someone who is an example for others. A relevant Hadīth in this regard reads: "So he concealed giving out charity so much that his left hand does not know what his right hand gives out." [Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

كنوز رياض الصالحين، تأليف: حمد بن ناصر بن العمار، الناشر: دار كنوز أشبيليا، الطبعة الأولى، 1430هـ. بهجة الناظرين، تأليف: سليم بن عيد الهلالي، نسخة الكترونية، لا يوجد بها بيانات نشر. نزهة المتقين، تأليف: جمعٌ من المشايخ، الناشر: مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة الأولى، 1397ه. صحيح البخاري، تأليف: محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، الناشر: دار طوق النجاة الطبعة: الأولى، 1422هـ. صحيح مسلم، تأليف: مسلم بن الحجاج النيسابوري، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت. فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، تأليف: أحمد بن علي بن حجر، رقمه وبوب أحاديث: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، الناشر: دار المعرفة، بيروت، 1379هـ. رياض الصالحين، تأليف: محيي الدين يحيى بن شرف النووي، تحقيق: د. ماهر بن ياسين الفحل، الطبعة الأولى، 1428هـ. تطريز رياض الصالحين، تأليف فيصل آل مبارك، تحقيق د. عبد العزيز آل حمد، دار العاصمة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1423هـ. - دليل الفالحين لطرق رياض الصالحين، لمحمد بن علان الشافعي، تحقيق خليل مأمون شيحا، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الرابعة، 1425ه.

عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «مَثَلُ الَّذِي يَذْكُرُ رَبَّهُ وَالَّذِي لاَ يَذْكُرُ رَبَّهُ، مَثَلُ الحَيِّ وَالمَيِّتِ»، ولفظ مسلم: «مَثَلُ الْبَيْتِ الَّذِي يُذْكَرُ اللهُ فِيهِ، وَالْبَيْتِ الَّذِي لَا يُذْكَرُ اللهُ فِيهِ، مَثَلُ الْحَيِّ وَالْمَيِّتِ».

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified the difference between the person who remembers Allah Almighty and the one who does not and how such a difference is like that between the living and the dead person in terms of benefit and good appearance. The one who remembers his Lord is like the living person who is outwardly adorned by the light of life and inwardly adorned by the light of knowledge and who offers benefit, whereas the one who does not remember Allah is like the dead person who is outwardly idle and inwardly invalid and bears no benefit. Likewise, the house whose dwellers remember Allah is described as being living; otherwise, it is a dead house given its dwellers' heedlessness of remembering Allah. Describing the house as being living or dead is meant to refer to its dwellers.

• Encouraging the remembrance of Allah and warning against being heedless thereof.
• Remembering Allah provides the soul with life just as the soul provides the body with life.
• It was from the practice of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to give examples to make meanings clear and easy to understand.
• An-Nawawi said: It indicates the recommendation of remembering Allah Almighty in the house and that it should not be devoid of Dhikr (remembrance of Allah).
• An-Nawawi said: It denotes that having a long life in obeying Allah is a merit even if the dead person is moving to a good destination. This is because the living person will catch up with him and will have a chance to be better than him by the acts of obedience he performs.

صحيح البخاري (8/ 86) (6407). صحيح مسلم (1/ 539) (779). نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، (2/ 982). شرح رياض الصالحين، لابن عثيمين (5/ 516).

عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى رَضيَ اللهُ عنه عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَثَلُ مَا بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ بِهِ مِنَ الهُدَى وَالعِلْمِ كَمَثَلِ الغَيْثِ الكَثِيرِ أَصَابَ أَرْضًا، فَكَانَ مِنْهَا نَقِيَّةٌ، قَبِلَتِ المَاءَ، فَأَنْبَتَتِ الكَلَأَ وَالعُشْبَ الكَثِيرَ، وَكَانَتْ مِنْهَا أَجَادِبُ، أَمْسَكَتِ المَاءَ، فَنَفَعَ اللَّهُ بِهَا النَّاسَ، فَشَرِبُوا وَسَقَوْا وَزَرَعُوا، وَأَصَابَتْ مِنْهَا طَائِفَةً أُخْرَى، إِنَّمَا هِيَ قِيعَانٌ لاَ تُمْسِكُ مَاءً وَلاَ تُنْبِتُ كَلَأً، فَذَلِكَ مَثَلُ مَنْ فَقُهَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ وَنَفَعَهُ مَا بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ بِهِ، فَعَلِمَ وَعَلَّمَ، وَمَثَلُ مَنْ لَمْ يَرْفَعْ بِذَلِكَ رَأْسًا، وَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ هُدَى اللَّهِ الَّذِي أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِ».

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), expressing amazement, likened the one who benefits from what he brought—of guidance and the path that leads to the ultimate goal—and from religious knowledge to a land upon which abundant rain falls. This land, in turn, is of three types: The first type: a pure and fertile land that absorbs the rainwater, causing abundant vegetation—both fresh and dry—to grow, from which people benefit. The second type: land that holds water but does not grow vegetation. It retains the water, allowing people to benefit from it—drinking from it, watering their animals, and irrigating their crops. And the third type: a flat, smooth land that neither retains water nor grows any vegetation. It neither benefits itself from the rainwater, nor does it benefit others. Likewise are those who hear what the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was sent with—of knowledge and guidance. The first type: the scholar who understands the religion of Allah, acts upon his knowledge, and teaches it to others. He is like the fertile land that absorbs the water, benefiting itself and causing the growth of the plantation, and thereby benefiting others. The second type: the one who memorizes and preserves knowledge but does not have a deep understanding or the ability to derive rulings. He collects knowledge and spends his time doing so, but he either does not act upon its supererogatory aspects or does not comprehend what he has gathered. He is like a tool for others— benefiting them—and is similar to land that holds water, from which people benefit. The third type: the one who hears knowledge but neither preserves it, nor acts upon it, nor conveys it to others. He is like a barren or smooth land that has no vegetation, neither absorbing water nor allowing others to benefit from it.

• A clarification of the virtue of seeking knowledge and teaching it, and a warning against turning away from both.
• Using parables and analogies helps clarify meanings for people.
• Al-Qurtubi said: Just as rain revives dead land, religious knowledge revives the dead heart. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) likened those who hear this knowledge to the various types of land upon which the rain falls.
• People vary in their ranks in terms of their reception of religious knowledge.

صحيح البخاري (1/ 27) (79). صحيح مسلم (4/ 1787) (2282). بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، لسليم الهلالي (2/ 464). شرح رياض الصالحين، لابن عثيمين (2/ 294). نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، لمجموعة من الباحثين (2/ 950).

عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى رضي الله عنه عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ النَّهَارِ، وَيَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ بِالنَّهَارِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ اللَّيْلِ، حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا».

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informs that: Allah Almighty accepts repentance from His slaves. When the slave commits a sin during the day and repents at night, Allah accepts his repentance; and when he commits a sin during the night and repents at day, Allah accepts his repentance as well. Allah Almighty extends His Hand to repentance by way of joy and acceptance. The door of repentance will remain open until the sun rises from the west, indicating the end of the world. When this happens, the door of repentance will be shut.

• The acceptance of repentance will continue as long as its door is open, and its door will be shut when the sun rises from the west, and as long as one repents before the death rattle, i.e., when the soul reaches the throat.
• One's sin should not lead him to be desperate and hopeless because Allah's pardon and mercy are vast and the door of repentance is open.
• Conditions of repentance: First: To abandon the sin. Second: To regret doing it. Third: To be determined not to return to it ever. This applies in case the sin has to do with the rights of Allah Almighty; however, if it is related to others' rights, then a condition of the validity of the repentance is to restore the right to its owner or the one to whom the right is due forgives him.

صحيح مسلم (4/ 2113) (2759). نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، لمجموعة من الباحثين (1/ 35). شرح رياض الصالحين، لابن عثيمين (1/ 103). بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، لسليم الهلالي (1/ 55).

عَنِ أَبِي مُوسَى رضي الله عنه، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَدْعُو بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ: «رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي خَطِيئَتِي وَجَهْلِي، وَإِسْرَافِي فِي أَمْرِي كُلِّهِ، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي خَطَايَايَ، وَعَمْدِي وَجَهْلِي وَهَزْلِي، وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدِي، اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، أَنْتَ المُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ المُؤَخِّرُ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ».

The following is among the comprehensive supplications of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): "O Lord, forgive me my sin" and my misdeed, and "my ignorant sins" and what I committed unknowingly. "My excess in all of my affairs", my negligence, and my transgression. "And whatever You are better aware of than me,"  You know it, O Allah, whereas I forgot it. "O Allah, forgive me my sins, my deliberate sins," and the sins I committed deliberately and knowingly. "My seriousness, my humor," and what was done by way of joking and what I committed in both cases. "And all this I have committed,"  as it collected the mentioned sins and defects. "O Allah, forgive what I have done" in the past "and what I have left undone" in the future. "What I have committed secretly" and stealthily, "and what I have committed openly" and publicly. "You are the Advancer and You are the Delayer."  You make whomever You will of Your creation proceed to Your mercy through Your guidance to what pleases You, and You delay whomever You will from this through forsaking him. None can bring forward what You have delayed, and none can delay what You have put forward. "And You have absolute power over everything", possessing the absolute ability and the perfect will, You do whatever You will.

• The merit of this supplication, and that we should recite it following the Prophet's example.
• Extravagance is prohibited and the extravagant will be subject to punishment.
• Allah Almighty knows man better than himself; hence, one should entrust his affairs to Allah, as he could err unknowingly.
• Man could be held accountable for his joking just as he is held accountable for his seriousness, so he should be cautious when joking.
• Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalāni said: I have not found in any of its chains of transmission the place of reciting this supplication, and most of its last part have occurred... He used to say it during the night prayer. It is also mentioned that he used to say it at the end of the prayer. However, there are different narrations about whether he used to say it before or after Taslīm (salutation of peace ending the prayer). This is the cited wording.
• Does the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) err to seek forgiveness? It is said that he said this out of humility and self-suppression, or he considered missing perfection and not doing what is preferable as sins, or he was referring to what was committed out of forgetfulness or before being a prophet. It is also said: that seeking forgiveness is a form of worship that must be performed, not for the sake of forgiveness but as a form of worship. It is said as well: This is to warn and teach his Ummah so as not to feel secure and stop seeking forgiveness.

صحيح البخاري (8/ 84) (6398). صحيح مسلم (4/ 2087) (2719). منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، لعبد الله الفوزان (10/ 467). فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام، لابن عثيمين (6/ 507). مرقاة المفاتيح، لعلي القاري (5/ 1720).

عن أبي موسى رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُمْلِي لِلظَّالِمِ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمْ يُفْلِتْهُ» قَالَ: ثُمَّ قَرَأَ: «{وَكَذَلِكَ أَخْذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الْقُرَى وَهِيَ ظَالِمَةٌ إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ}[هود: 102]»

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) warns against persistent wrongdoing by committing sins, polytheism, and injustice to people about their rights, for indeed Allah Almighty gives respite to the oppressor and endows him with a long lifetime and abundant wealth and does not hasten to punish him. But, if he does not repent, He seizes him and does not release him due to his persistent wrongdoing. Then, he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) recited: {Such is the seizing of your Lord when He seizes the towns that are given to wrongdoing; His seizing is surely painful and severe.} [Surat Hūd: 102]

• A wise person should hasten to repent and not feel safe from the plan of Allah, if he is persistent in wrongdoing.
• By giving respite to the oppressors and not hastening to punish them, Allah Almighty drags them to sin, making them worthy of a greater punishment unless they repent.
• Oppression is one of the causes for which Allah inflicts punishment on any nation.
• If Allah destroys a town, there might be some righteous people. Those will be resurrected on the Day of Judgment in the state of piety that they died on, and their inclusion in the punishment will cause them no harm.

صحيح البخاري (6/ 74) (4686). صحيح مسلم (4/ 1997) (2583). شرح رياض الصالحين، لابن عثيمين (2/ 496). بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، لسليم الهلالي (1/ 303). نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، لمصطفى الخِن وغيره (1/ 231). تطريز رياض الصالحين، لفيصل آل مبارك (ص165). مرقاة المفاتيح، علي القاري (8/ 3200).